水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術在隧道掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中的實(shi)際應(ying)用。提升(sheng)光面爆(bao)(bao)破水(shui)(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧道超挖管(guan)控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹。聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術很(hen)(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)很(hen)(hen)(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)(hen)低(di)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速度很(hen)(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高(gao)對推廣該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)和必(bi)然性(xing)(xing)的認識;二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立必(bi)須(xu)采取聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破的意識;三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培訓、示(shi)范、監(jian)督“三位(wei)一(yi)(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)制定(ding)切(qie)實(shi)的獎(jiang)懲制度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立檢查監(jian)督機制，持(chi)續(xu)促進(jin)該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術的深(shen)入推廣。在隧道施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的現(xian)場管(guan)理、科技(ji)(ji)創新、人(ren)才培養、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益等方(fang)面的不足(zu)。建議(yi)對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)線基礎技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實(shi)推進(jin);對新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、先(xian)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對消(xiao)極(ji)懈怠、故步自封的思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵(di)制。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，礦用型雙向聚能管公司為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，礦用型雙向聚能管公司但終因(yin)當時(shi)的(de)技術(shu)(shu)及工藝水(shui)平的(de)限制(zhi)無法用于正常施工，但是(shi)他們開了橢(tuo)圓雙極線性(xing)聚能結(jie)構(gou)試驗的(de)先河。雙聚能預裂(lie)與光面爆破綜(zong)合技術(shu)(shu)開創輪(lun)廓控(kong)制(zhi)爆破新時(shi)代。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨(sui)爆破(po)需(xu)要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端各有外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩(liang)端外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距有加強筋，前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形尖有一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封(feng)蓋(gai)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)(yan)深度(du)采用合(he)(he)適的(de)(de)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助(zhu)送入炮眼(yan)(yan)，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確(que)，兩(liang)端的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同(tong)心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)生產(chan)，作業(ye)安全

預裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的歷史與(yu)現狀(zhuang)：預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)(kai)挖邊(bian)界(jie)布置密(mi)集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)取不耦合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威(wei)(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與(yu)保留區(qu)之間形(xing)成(cheng)預裂(lie)(lie)縫，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)(kai)挖邊(bian)界(jie)布設(she)密(mi)集炮孔(kong)，采(cai)用不耦合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威(wei)(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的以(yi)(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)的開(kai)(kai)挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的發展是(shi)先(xian)出現光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍生發展為預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷史與(yu)現狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年在(zai)(zai)湖北陸水水電站施工中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔(kong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵路建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)(kai)始試驗(yan)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)(zai)西延(yan)線張家(jia)船工點，全長(chang)近200m的2000m2路塹邊(bian)坡全部采(cai)用光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)穩定，殘留的半孔(kong)清晰(xi)可見(jian)，是(shi)鐵路建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)用路塹光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

在建(jian)造隧(sui)道的(de)時候，人(ren)們首先想到的(de)個方式，就是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，開山挖隧(sui)道修路，常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)需(xu)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)以噸計的(de)炸，炸的(de)威力十分巨大，但是(shi)在炸完之后，空(kong)氣中全是(shi)煙(yan)塵，根本無法進(jin)入(ru)，另外(wai)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)炸出來的(de)輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需(xu)要工(gong)人(ren)進(jin)一步修補輪廓線才能進(jin)行下一道工(gong)序，耗時耗力，那(nei)么有沒有其他(ta)的(de)方式比(bi)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)更(geng)好(hao)呢？2018年3月(yue)，央視報道了一場隧(sui)道爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對比(bi)實驗，實驗采用(yong)(yong)兩種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，滴喲中是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)炸的(de)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，第二種(zhong)則(ze)是(shi)國人(ren)新發明的(de)聚(ju)能水壓光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，隨(sui)著(zhu)聲(sheng)聲(sheng)巨響，這(zhe)場對比(bi)試(shi)驗的(de)結果超(chao)乎所(suo)有人(ren)的(de)意料，聚(ju)能水壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸效果更(geng)好(hao)，而且爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)產生(sheng)的(de)水霧能將(jiang)煙(yan)塵覆蓋，起到降塵的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，這(zhe)項爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)新方式得(de)到了觀眾們的(de)認可。