我國于1983年制定(ding)了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)行(xing)(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)，在水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的保護邊(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎(chu)(chu)上修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)(po)部位的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述(shu)了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)計的原則和(he)參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還明(ming)確了路(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢(jian)測(ce)數量(liang)和(he)檢(jian)測(ce)方法。無疑(yi)該(gai)規程的實施(shi)(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促進(jin)了光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的應(ying)(ying)用與發展。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，是在水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)基礎上(shang)發展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相同(tong)，但在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中安裝專用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝置替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷(juan)和傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生的(de)(de)粒子射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應(ying)力(li)及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作用，形成(cheng)平整(zheng)圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效果，有(you)效提升了隧(sui)道施工(gong)質量、進(jin)度和經濟效益。科學合理(li)地利用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用效率，對(dui)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分(fen)重要。利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)的(de)(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流效應(ying)對(dui)巖石(shi)進(jin)行破(po)碎。據(ju)專家(jia)測算，由于(yu)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效比(bi)提升一(yi)個(ge)量級。

一、查驗生產企業資質：1、經過歷年年審的法人營業執照：一般情況下，個體工商戶、個人獨資企業注冊資金低于人民幣五十萬元的即可認定為家庭作坊式廠家。2、o型聚能管價格具備一般納稅人資格的稅務登記證：企業產品年度銷售額達到或超過一定金額（以稅務發票開具數額為準）并經主管稅務機關核準、具備獨立的開票場所、專職會計及相應的辦稅機具才能升級為一般納稅人企業。3、經過歷年年審的組織機構代碼證：組織機構代碼證是中華人民共和國境內始終不變的法定代碼標識，未經年度審驗的，可視為非法機構。4、國家強制性產品認證證書：一般情況下，所有的電線電纜生產企業只要生產國家強制性產品認證范圍內產品的必須通過國家強制性產品認證（CCC）。專用o型聚能管依基本(ben)常識判斷，既然單位名稱為“xxx電線廠”“xxx線纜廠”，其(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)品未(wei)通(tong)過(guo)或(huo)從未(wei)通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家強制性產(chan)(chan)品認證(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)明其(qi)(qi)硬件、軟件設施(shi)及人員(yuan)配備(bei)根(gen)本(ben)達不到一個合(he)格的(de)電線電纜生產(chan)(chan)廠家應(ying)具備(bei)的(de)條件。5、國(guo)際(ji)質量體(ti)(ti)系認證(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)際(ji)質量體(ti)(ti)系認證(zheng)(zheng)是一個企業整體(ti)(ti)素質、產(chan)(chan)品質量管理(li)水平以及服務水平的(de)標志(zhi)。6、開戶許可證(zheng)(zheng)。

施工工藝(yi)嚴格遵循(xun)六字方針(zhen)(掛滿、貼緊、對準(zhun))：(1)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按(an)(an)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)求合理(li)布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其(qi)他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)位置(zhi)上(shang)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深度(du)和角度(du)。(3)聚能管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸(zha)(zha)藥在(zai)(zai)聚能管(guan)中空內壁中填(tian)充飽滿不得有(you)空隙出現時以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚能管(guan)在(zai)(zai)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝(zhuang)填(tian)時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)聚能管(guan)的(de)兩條(tiao)聚能槽指向巷道輪廓線方向并且各個炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚能管(guan)的(de)聚能槽軸線方面要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)相(xiang)互連接(jie)在(zai)(zai)隧道輪廓線上(shang)。否則成型效果不僅不好(hao),反(fan)而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量(liang)。(6)放炮員應(ying)提前按(an)(an)規(gui)定(ding)裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚能管(guan)的(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥,并做(zuo)好(hao)準(zhun)備工作。試用范圍:一級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖(yan)的(de)光(guang)面爆破工程。