我國(guo)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)力學(xue)對巖(yan)石損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)紋擴展(zhan)進行過試(shi)驗研究(jiu)(jiu)，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆破(po)技(ji)術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到工(gong)程做(zuo)了不少理論分析，也取(qu)得(de)一些進展(zhan)。80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期開始進行應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)研究(jiu)(jiu)，以(yi)北京礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院為(wei)代(dai)(dai)表，著重研究(jiu)(jiu)了聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切割饑理和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院取(qu)得(de)“雙(shuang)面切割器(qi)”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取(qu)得(de)“大理石花崗巖(yan)切割技(ji)術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)水(shui)電七局(ju)曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)(yong)硬質紙加(jia)工(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做(zuo)過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)爆破(po)試(shi)驗研究(jiu)(jiu)，但終因當時(shi)的(de)技(ji)術及工(gong)藝水(shui)平的(de)限制無(wu)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)正常施工(gong)，但是(shi)他們(men)開了橢圓雙(shuang)極線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)驗的(de)先河(he)。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)與光面爆破(po)綜合技(ji)術開創輪廓控制爆破(po)新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)。

在(zai)鐵路(lu)、礦山(shan)(shan)、水(shui)庫(ku)等大(da)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)很關鍵(jian)很重要。采礦修(xiu)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城市(shi)對舊建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除(chu)，都(dou)會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術。隨(sui)著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)引起了人們更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)能管作為一(yi)(yi)種科學(xue)技(ji)術，應用(yong)(yong)很廣，但(dan)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)重要、常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，采礦開(kai)山(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)法來開(kai)掘隧道，水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)些，城市(shi)里面也(ye)使用(yong)(yong)了，拆除(chu)樓房。利用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)能量破(po)(po)(po)壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構，這(zhe)種"破(po)(po)(po)壞"效果不是(shi)(shi)其他方(fang)法能代替(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它雖然不是(shi)(shi)獨立完成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，但(dan)卻是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)石方(fang)開(kai)挖、礦山(shan)(shan)開(kai)采等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺(que)少了這(zhe)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)還不行。中國目前有發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)和(he)公路(lu)交通網，可以想象，當初在(zai)修(xiu)這(zhe)些路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候會遇(yu)到許多高山(shan)(shan)峻嶺，一(yi)(yi)座大(da)山(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之(zhi)間，想要修(xiu)路(lu)，就(jiu)必須讓這(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)消失，這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)候聚(ju)能管爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)就(jiu)起到決定(ding)性作用(yong)(yong)了。

火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)遞火(huo)(huo)焰(yan)點(dian)燃火(huo)(huo)雷管進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥。這(zhe)種起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)所需的(de)材料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)：導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)雷管和(he)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)材料(liao)。導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)操作(zuo)簡單、靈活，使用(yong)方便，成本較低，廣泛應用(yong)于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)掘進。由于導火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃、緩燃等(deng)弊病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事故(gu)所占比重最大。不(bu)能(neng)多處(chu)裝藥同時起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，用(yong)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥包的(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)叫導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)雷管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)，當導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)傳(chuan)至炸藥包時，將(jiang)炸藥引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時分段(duan)(duan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地方，將(jiang)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)中接入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管，就能(neng)達到導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)目的(de)。這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)：雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管等(deng)。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)常用(yong)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、簇并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、單向分段(duan)(duan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)雙向分段(duan)(duan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)等(deng)。

專業礦用型聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。礦用型聚能管廠家型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材料必須滿足四點要求(qiu)，即可(ke)壓縮性小、密度高、塑性和(he)(he)(he)延展性好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅(tong)制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要有軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)有用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)屬(shu)板材的(de)直線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)管(guan)材的(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能在(zai)瞬間同(tong)時起爆，可(ke)在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲(huo)得極大(da)的(de)能量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)是軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。