采用(yong)一種抗靜電(dian)阻燃的(de)特(te)種塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)深度可長可短(duan)。是兩個(ge)相似半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)央有個(ge)凹進(jin)去的(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能槽"，使(shi)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)線平順整齊，圍巖(yan)擾動(dong)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯改善，有利(li)于(yu)支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土回填成(cheng)(cheng)本大(da)為(wei)降低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低(di)了(le)爆(bao)破(po)作業(ye)工(gong)(gong)班(ban)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)量(liang)(liang):鉆孔縮短(duan)30分(fen)鐘(zhong)、少(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降低(di)了(le)材(cai)料成(cheng)(cheng)本、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞(lao)動(dong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明顯提(ti)高(gao)，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本降低(di)30%以(yi)上，半(ban)(ban)眼(yan)痕保留率(lv)(lv)高(gao)達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)主要應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)隧道(dao)、煤礦、鐵礦等(deng)需要進(jin)行光面爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)可減(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆孔，擴(kuo)大(da)孔距(ju)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)導爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)超挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴漿(jiang)，提(ti)高(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔率(lv)(lv)，既節省了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本又提(ti)高(gao)了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。

我國于1983年制(zhi)定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)已(yi)成為必須(xu)進行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)(de)爆破(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)均被編入并有(you)(you)所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)(tie)道部也不僅規(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)爆破(po)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)都應采用光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂爆破(po)，并闡述(shu)了(le)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明(ming)確了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆破(po)項目(mu)質量驗收檢(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)力地推動和(he)促進了(le)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用與(yu)發展。

火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳遞火(huo)焰(yan)點(dian)燃(ran)火(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)所需(xu)的(de)材料有：導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)點(dian)火(huo)材料。導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)操作簡單(dan)、靈活，使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便，成本較低，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)(he)掘(jue)進。由于導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等弊病(bing)，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)事故所占比重(zhong)最(zui)大(da)。不能(neng)多處裝藥(yao)同時(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)，用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)包(bao)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)雷管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)包(bao)時(shi)(shi)，將炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需(xu)要延時(shi)(shi)分段起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地方(fang)，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中(zhong)接入(ru)繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就(jiu)能(neng)達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)目(mu)的(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)所需(xu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有：雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)(he)繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)有：串聯(lian)、簇并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、單(dan)向(xiang)分段并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)(he)雙向(xiang)分段并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)等。

預裂(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)歷史與現(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)：預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設(she)(she)(she)計開挖邊(bian)界(jie)布置密集炮孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，采取不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)或(huo)裝填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之(zhi)前(qian)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而(er)在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保留區之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)預裂(lie)縫，以減(jian)弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)平整(zheng)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿(yan)設(she)(she)(she)計開挖邊(bian)界(jie)布設(she)(she)(she)密集炮孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，采用(yong)不耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)或(huo)裝填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以形(xing)成(cheng)平整(zheng)的(de)(de)開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)先出(chu)現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍(yan)生發(fa)展為(wei)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能(neng)管(guan)國(guo)內歷史與現(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，我國(guo)于(yu)1964～1965年在(zai)(zai)湖北陸(lu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站施工(gong)中做過(guo)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵道部門(men)在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)昆(kun)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中開始(shi)試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)(zai)西(xi)延(yan)線張(zhang)家船工(gong)點，全長(chang)近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)全部采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)坡(po)平整(zheng)穩(wen)定，殘留的(de)(de)半孔(kong)(kong)(kong)清晰可(ke)見，是(shi)鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中采用(yong)路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上(shang)發展起來的一項新技術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥結構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能藥管產生的粒子射(she)流動能、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力及(ji)“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，形成平整(zheng)圓順的開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)面，對控制超欠(qian)挖具有(you)(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧(sui)(sui)道施工(gong)質量、進(jin)度(du)和經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循(xun)(xun)環火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量從39個下降(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)23個費用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)(mei)循(xun)(xun)環節約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)低隧(sui)(sui)道內石渣塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量，還(huan)可使(shi)通風時間有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

專用礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。安陽礦用型聚能管水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)(mei)循(xun)環節約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每(mei)(mei)延米節約76較元，節約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)比例達(da)32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)降低(di)隧(sui)道內石(shi)渣(zha)塊度(du)和粉塵含(han)量，還可使(shi)通(tong)風時(shi)間(jian)有效(xiao)(xiao)縮(suo)短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)成熟(shu)、可操作性(xing)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)低(di)、施(shi)工(gong)速(su)度(du)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)是(shi)(shi)近幾年發展起來(lai)的(de)一項掘進新技術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)與傳統的(de)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)在巷道周邊眼(yan)中(zhong),將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時(shi)利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)數量和控制優(you)勢裂隙的(de)發展方向(xiang)。