光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術優(you)勢：相對(dui)(dui)于傳統爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破工藝，聚能管光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破比常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破具有以(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢∶少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)(shao)裝藥(yao)。節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)量50%，總鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)進(jin)尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)炸(zha)藥(yao)10～20%，雷管30%。節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)噴漿(jiang)料(liao)15-20%。節(jie)(jie)(jie)省時(shi)(shi)間∶每循(xun)環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥(yao)、噴漿(jiang)時(shi)(shi)間1.5-2.0小時(shi)(shi)。在安全(quan)方面(mian)(mian)利(li)用(yong)水沙袋(dai)替(ti)代炮(pao)泥，以(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥損毀電(dian)雷管導線，造成瞎炮(pao)。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)對(dui)(dui)圍巖(yan)擾動，光(guang)面(mian)(mian)效果好(hao)(hao)，巖(yan)性條件差情況下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖量，控(kong)制巷(xiang)道成型(xing)；巖(yan)性完整無節(jie)(jie)(jie)理情況下(xia)眼(yan)痕率可(ke)以(yi)達到90%以(yi)上(shang)，巷(xiang)道成型(xing)好(hao)(hao)，穩定性強。布孔(kong)(kong)方式優(you)化成多排掏(tao)槽(cao)布孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進(jin)深度可(ke)以(yi)優(you)化提高10%到15%不(bu)等(deng)。由于炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)數量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)可(ke)以(yi)考慮一起全(quan)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，節(jie)(jie)(jie)省放炮(pao)時(shi)(shi)間。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，深孔爆破多向聚能管廠家在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專業深孔爆破多向聚能管在邊坡部位的(de)爆破(po)(po)設計和(he)(he)施工(gong)都應采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)面爆破(po)(po)或預裂爆破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述(shu)了光(guang)面(預裂)爆破(po)(po)施工(gong)技術設計的(de)原則(ze)和(he)(he)參數、安全措(cuo)施，而且還明確了路塹(qian)邊坡光(guang)面(預裂)爆破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數量(liang)和(he)(he)檢測方法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程的(de)實施，有力地推動和(he)(he)促(cu)進了光(guang)面(預裂)爆破(po)(po)技術在鐵(tie)路建(jian)設中的(de)應用(yong)與發(fa)展。

我國20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)利用(yong)斷(duan)裂力學對巖(yan)石損傷引起的(de)(de)裂紋擴展(zhan)進行過試(shi)驗(yan)研究，為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)到工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)做(zuo)了(le)不少理論分(fen)析(xi)，也取(qu)得(de)一(yi)些進展(zhan)。80年(nian)代(dai)中期開(kai)始(shi)進行應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)研究，以(yi)北京礦(kuang)業學院(yuan)為代(dai)表，著(zhu)重研究了(le)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥包切(qie)割(ge)饑理和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南(nan)礦(kuang)業學院(yuan)取(qu)得(de)“雙(shuang)面切(qie)割(ge)器”的(de)(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取(qu)得(de)“大理石花崗巖(yan)切(qie)割(ge)技術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國水電七局曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)硬質紙加(jia)工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥卷做(zuo)過聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)試(shi)驗(yan)研究，但終因當時的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水平的(de)(de)限(xian)制無法(fa)用(yong)于正常施工(gong)(gong)，但是他們開(kai)了(le)橢圓雙(shuang)極線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)結構試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)先河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)綜合技術(shu)(shu)開(kai)創輪廓(kuo)控制爆(bao)(bao)破(po)新(xin)時代(dai)。

在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本(ben)連接方(fang)式有：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有較安全、可靠(kao)、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍占有較大比重(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)。

預裂(lie)(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的歷(li)史與現(xian)狀：預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開挖邊(bian)界布置密集炮孔，采(cai)取(qu)不耦合裝藥(yao)或(huo)裝填低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而(er)在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留(liu)(liu)區(qu)之間形(xing)(xing)成預裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以減(jian)弱(ruo)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留(liu)(liu)巖(yan)體的破(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形(xing)(xing)成平整輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開挖邊(bian)界布設(she)密集炮孔，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不耦合裝藥(yao)或(huo)裝填低威(wei)力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形(xing)(xing)成平整的開挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發(fa)展(zhan)為預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內歷(li)史與現(xian)狀，我(wo)國(guo)于(yu)1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸水水電站(zhan)施工(gong)中(zhong)做過淺孔預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試(shi)驗，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道部門在(zai)成昆(kun)鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)開始試(shi)驗光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延線張家船工(gong)點(dian)，全長近200m的2000m2路塹邊(bian)坡全部采(cai)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡平整穩定，殘留(liu)(liu)的半(ban)孔清晰可見，是(shi)鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)路塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破作(zuo)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術的(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)兩個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)去考慮的(de)，一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)炸和(he)(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)器材以(yi)(yi)及(ji)對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所(suo)造成的(de)破壞(huai)作(zuo)用進(jin)行限(xian)制(zhi)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主動(dong)的(de)。另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破所(suo)產生的(de)危害采取(qu)(qu)的(de)防(fang)護措(cuo)施(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被動(dong)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)。兩者對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破帶來的(de)破壞(huai)性(xing)有同樣(yang)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing),但在具(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破工(gong)程(cheng)中,則(ze)常常會有變化不(bu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)現象(xiang)和(he)(he)后果,因此,必須(xu)(xu)對(dui)每一(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)破壞(huai)的(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況作(zuo)細致的(de)分析(xi)研究(jiu),從(cong)而采取(qu)(qu)適當的(de)對(dui)策(ce)。同時(shi)，雖然技術不(bu)斷取(qu)(qu)得(de)進(jin)步，須(xu)(xu)在操(cao)作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中注意每個(ge)(ge)工(gong)序，按照安(an)(an)(an)(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴格(ge)(ge)遵守安(an)(an)(an)(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)、正確地(di)采取(qu)(qu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術措(cuo)施(shi)和(he)(he)防(fang)護措(cuo)施(shi),任(ren)何規(gui)模、任(ren)何種類的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)確保安(an)(an)(an)(an)全的(de)。一(yi)些(xie)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)條文是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有經驗(yan)教訓和(he)(he)理論根據的(de)，有的(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血(xue)的(de)教訓的(de)總結，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思想(xiang)，嚴格(ge)(ge)執行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，決不(bu)能以(yi)(yi)沒出過(guo)事故(gu)而輕(qing)率地(di)"突(tu)破"規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)"框框"。