水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆破是(shi)(shi)在炮(pao)孔兩(liang)(liang)端填充水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，中間(jian)(jian)裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)孔再用(yong)(yong)(yong)炮(pao)泥封死，炮(pao)孔間(jian)(jian)距(ju)很大(da)，兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)炮(pao)空之間(jian)(jian)相距(ju)了一米左右(you)，是(shi)(shi)常規爆破的(de)(de)(de)(de)炮(pao)孔間(jian)(jian)距(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍，這樣可以節省炮(pao)孔材料，這兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)凹槽(cao)又稱為聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)，聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)非常重要(yao)，放置的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)方向都十分講究，一點也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)出錯(cuo)，在爆破的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)，高溫高壓(ya)(ya)聚能(neng)(neng)射流立即往凹槽(cao)兩(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)進行(xing)切(qie)(qie)割，巖石(shi)如(ru)同豆腐一樣輕松被切(qie)(qie)割切(qie)(qie)割出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓線十分平順，效果極(ji)好，聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆破中的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)沒有降低(di)爆破的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，反而(er)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)護隧道周邊植被，減少地質擾動，降低(di)煙塵(chen)，重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)節省炸成本(ben)，在未來這項技術(shu)會廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于工程中，降低(di)施工成本(ben)。爆破聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環(huan)火工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑(jing)，長度可隨爆破(po)需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各有外(wai)螺紋(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)螺紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有加強筋，前錐(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形尖(jian)有一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑(jing)有螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)前端(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)徑(jing)直徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑(jing)有螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮眼深度采用合(he)適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需其他(ta)工具幫助送入(ru)炮眼，切縫(feng)方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前錐(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且利于(yu)工業化生產(chan)，作(zuo)業安全

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)技術(shu)(shu)在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)實際應用。提升光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴(yan)抓隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)超挖管(guan)控進(jin)行了(le)介紹。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)(shu)很成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作(zuo)性(xing)很強(qiang)、材(cai)料成(cheng)本很低、施工(gong)速度很快、節能環保效(xiao)果很顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很高(gao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)對(dui)推廣(guang)該(gai)項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和必然(ran)性(xing)的(de)認識(shi);二(er)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹立必須采取(qu)聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)的(de)意識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培訓(xun)、示范、監督“三位一(yi)(yi)(yi)體”;四(si)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切實的(de)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建立檢查監督機制(zhi)，持(chi)續(xu)促進(jin)該(gai)項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)深入推廣(guang)。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理(li)、科技創新、人才培養、經濟效(xiao)益等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)不足。建議(yi)對(dui)施工(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)線基礎技術(shu)(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎實推進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入學習(xi)鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠(dai)、故步自封的(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

在工程爆破中，礦用型雙向聚能管價格常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，平頂山礦用型雙向聚能管基本連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆法(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效(xiao)等優點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍占有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型(xing)爆破中(zhong)，主要仍是用電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆。特(te)別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆炸的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆是主要的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆容易受各種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和(he)(he)支架等部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威(wei)力(li)的影響(xiang)分(fen)述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆破的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的爆壓(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)越大(da)；為(wei)得到高爆壓(ya)，需高爆速、高密(mi)度的炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等，裝方法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑(su)(su)裝和(he)(he)壓(ya)裝多(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的作用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的爆炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高其(qi)穿(chuan)透和(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的材(cai)料必須滿(man)足四點要(yao)求，即可(ke)(ke)壓(ya)縮(suo)性小、密(mi)度高、塑(su)(su)性和(he)(he)延展性好，在形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果好，其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的有(you)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)屬板(ban)材(cai)的直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)管(guan)材(cai)的環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設(she)炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起爆，可(ke)(ke)在空(kong)腔中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點獲(huo)得極大(da)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的是軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。