在(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法有(you)：電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法是利用電(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它(ta)所需的(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)等進行選(xuan)擇，基本連接方(fang)(fang)式有(you)：串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和并串聯(lian)等。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大比(bi)重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法。但電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用普通電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管。

給大家介紹下爆破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)技(ji)術原(yuan)理∶炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)爆炸(zha)(zha)產生的(de)爆轟波(bo)通過(guo)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)，將(jiang)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)的(de)動能(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高壓(ya)(ya)、高速、高能(neng)(neng)的(de)射流(liu)，切割演示成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縫。射流(liu)在孔(kong)壁產生射流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)達7000MPa，巖石(shi)動載抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度為200MPa，抗拉為1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度，相鄰兩(liang)炮孔(kong)互為鄰空(kong)面，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)變為稀疏波(bo)，在兩(liang)炮眼(yan)連線(xian)(xian)上(shang)使巖石(shi)結構斷裂，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裂紋。準靜態(tai)氣(qi)體膨(peng)脹(zhang)，靜態(tai)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)在兩(liang)炮孔(kong)最短連線(xian)(xian)兩(liang)側產生拉力(li)(li)使巖石(shi)裂縫進一(yi)步擴(kuo)展(zhan)。根據爆破(po)應力(li)(li)集中氣(qi)刃作用(yong)原(yuan)則，爆破(po)氣(qi)體沿裂縫進一(yi)步擴(kuo)大貫(guan)通，拋落巖石(shi)。

我國于1983年制定了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)行(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必(bi)須進行(xing)的(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡質量的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖技術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施。此后在此基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上修訂的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)(yi)及在《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均(jun)被編入(ru)并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也(ye)不僅規定了(le)(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以(yi)(yi)上的(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡，設(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡(chan)述了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)原則和(he)參數、安全(quan)措(cuo)施，而且還明確了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目(mu)質量驗收(shou)檢(jian)測數量和(he)檢(jian)測方(fang)法。無疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施，有(you)力(li)地推動和(he)促進了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)應(ying)用與(yu)(yu)發展。

礦用型雙向聚能管廠家施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險性，稍有不慎，將對人民的生命財產安全造成不可估量的損失，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此，相較其他行業，國家出臺的相關法律法規多、專、嚴，從爆破材料（炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及相關材料）的生產、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆、排爆等一系列程序均有嚴格的法律規定和科學的操作規程，并且相關從業單位和人員均應取得相應資質。臺州礦用型雙向聚能管做為各類(lei)爆破中不可(ke)或缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，特(te)別(bie)不同于一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜，其質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求及各項技(ji)術參數(shu)也(ye)與(yu)普通電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜不同。部分家庭(ting)作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)電纜廠(chang)無科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產工(gong)藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備、無專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人(ren)員，甚至不知(zhi)道爆破線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求和技(ji)術參數(shu)，更不可(ke)能制(zhi)訂自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以(yi)粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿進(jin)行生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動，致(zhi)使市場充斥(chi)著(zhu)假冒偽劣產品，導致(zhi)爆破中提前或延遲(chi)起爆、盲炮增(zeng)加(jia)且強制(zhi)排爆困難，給(gei)人(ren)身安全和財產以(yi)及正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動造成了不可(ke)估量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。